Which item is NOT listed as a prenatal risk factor for cleft lip/palate?

• A. Family history
• B. Maternal smoking
• C. Regular exercise during pregnancy
• D. Obesity

Answer: (C)

Prenatal risk for cleft lip and palate is shaped by genetics and certain exposures during pregnancy. Regular exercise during pregnancy is not a risk factor; in fact, physical activity is generally safe and often encouraged for maternal and fetal health, so it does not contribute to the development of cleft lip/palate.

Family history suggests a genetic susceptibility, meaning if there’s a cleft lip/palate in close relatives, the risk for the baby is higher. Maternal smoking introduces harmful substances that can interfere with facial development, increasing the risk. Obesity is associated with metabolic and inflammatory changes that also raise the risk of birth defects, including cleft lip/palate.

So, among the options, regular exercise during pregnancy is the one that does not belong as a prenatal risk factor.